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Surgical treatment options for obesity

Whether it is recognized as a risk factor for other diseases (World Health Organization) or as a disease itself (World Obesity Federation), obesity is a serious health problem for both affected individuals and society. Obesity is defined as an excess fat mass, which has a negative impact on health, social and psychological life of people.

In 2016, 39% of adults ≥18 years of age were overweight and 13% were obese. In the near future, almost 50% of the USA citizens will be considered obese.

Body-mass Index (BMI)

The body-mass index is a simple weight-height ratio indicator, which is widely used for the classification of overweight and obesity in adults. It is calculated by division of the weight (in kg) by the height (in m) of the individual and its unit is kg/m². It provides the most versatile overweight and obesity measurement for the general population. It is calculated in the same way for adults of all genders and ages.

Individuals with BMI values over 30 are considered obese. The severity of obesity increases with the BMI value. People with a BMI value above 35 and concomitant obesity-related diseases or with a BMI value above 40 can be considered for obesity surgery.

In severe obesity cases, there is a surgical solution called bariatric surgery. It can be considered for individuals with the following criteria:

A BMI value above 30 or a BMI value equal to 35 and concomitant Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Age between 18 and 60 years.
Absence of psychiatric disorders, which may present a risk for surgery.
Absence of any specific risk for surgery.

Bariatric surgery should only be considered if the person has tried and failed to lose weight for several months by using specific medical treatments (diet monitoring, physical activity, and psychotherapy). The decision for surgery should be taken following the discussions between the patient, responsible physician, surgeon, endocrinologist, dietitian, and psychologist or psychiatrist.

Weight loss goals

The goal of obesity treatment is to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. To understand and change your eating and activity habits, you should work with a team consisting of health professionals including a dietitian, psychologist or obesity specialist.

Bariatric surgery does not guarantee you a specific amount weight loss. Surgery is just a catalyst for weight loss. Achieving the weight loss targets is the patient’s own process. Success depends on the motivation of the patient and effective behavioral change.

Whether it is considered a risk factor for other diseases (World Health Organisation WHO) or a disease itself (World Obesity Federation), obesity is recognised as a serious personal and public health concern. Obesity is defined as body fat accumulation that negatively impacts a person’s health and social and psychological well-being.

The obesity rate is growing in most countries and 28% of adults in the UK are living with obesity. On a global scale, it is predicted that 18% of men and more than 21% of women in the world will obesity by 2025.

Body mass index (BMI)

Body mass index (BMI) is a simple indication of weight-for-height commonly used to classify overweight and obesity in adults. It is calculated as a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in metres (kg/m2).

BMI provides the most useful measure of overweight and obesity for the population and is calculated the same way for both genders and for all ages of adults.

A person with a BMI of 30 or higher is considered to have obesity. As BMI increases, so does the severity of obesity. A person with a BMI higher than 35 and obesity-related conditions or a BMI higher than 40 may be a candidate for weight loss surgery.